Thursday 26 November 2015

Muharram in Prithimpassa- Bangladesh


Estate's elephants in the Tazia procession, Moharram, 1956
Prithimpassa(Pritim Pasha) Estate's Elephants in Tazia Procession in 1956


Dr.Mazhar Naqvi


Preservation of Azadari in a hostile environment is not easy. It requires courage and commitment of the highest order. Prithimpassa( Pritim Pasha) Nawab family of Bangladesh is worth quoting in this context. It has braved aftermath of partition, emergence of religious intolerance and political turmoil to keep intact its glorious tradition of observing Muharram with royal touch. Imamis rush to Pritim Pasha Nawab Bari in large number from neighboring places to take part in ’Ashura’. Mourners not only take out Tazias but also ‘Zuljana’ (Horse of Imam Hussain) with great solemnity. They also resort to heavy chest beating and self-flagellation amidst the recitation of ‘Nauhas’ (Lamentation).

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Imambara at Pritim Pasha

Muharram used to be observed with great fanfare and religious fervor during Nawabi and colonial Bengal. Murshidabad, Dhaka, Kolkata, Jessore and Sylhet were famous for Muharram rituals. People of different faiths participated in Muharram to pay respect to the martyr of humanity Hazrat Imam Hussain. Nawab Ali Vardi Khan invited scholars from Iran to create awareness about Karbala Revolution during his regime. The imposing and beautiful structures of Imambaras at Murshidabad, Dhaka and Hooghly are indicators of the scale of devotion and grandeur that accompanied Muharram in Nawabi Bengal. The advent of East India Company reduced much of Muharram sheen as the British feared the mass participation of people as a threat to their newly established empire. Company officials used divisive tactics to discourage participation of non-Muslims in Muharram. But they failed miserably in their bid as people continued to be part of Muharram observance with same reverence.


Tazia, 2000s

Tazia Procession of Pritim Pasha 


The British could deprive Nawabs of their power and reduce their wealth but could not prevent them from carrying on their Muharram legacy. The situation remained so till 1947.There was no effect on Muharram rituals even in East Pakistan. When Bangladesh took birth as independent nation in 1971, observance of Muharram remained somewhat all people affair. But things changed when the influence of Awami League waned and religious intolerance erupted its ugly head. Bangladeshis who went to Arabia to earn Petro-dollars returned home with the philosophy of Wahabis. From a secular and developing country, Bangladesh also fell prey to fanatics. Anti-Ahle-bait forces started preaching against the observance of Muharram. Except Hussaini Dalan in Dhaka, prominent Imambaras in other cities of Bangladesh became victim of neglect and vagary of weather. The attack on Muharram procession in Dhaka in October 2015 also revealed the hostile environment towards Azadari in Bangladesh.

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Mosque Adjacent to Imambara 

Against such a backdrop, the observance of   Muharram at Pritim Pasha Nawab Bari is miraculous. The erstwhile feudal family of Pritim Pasha, a small village near Sylhet has not let anything to emerge as a barrier to observance of Muharram ceremonies. The family descended from the Royal House of Bengal and developed Pritim Pasha Nawab Bari not only as a beautiful residential complex but also introduced Muharram rituals to develop it as a prominent center of Azadari. The family also built an Imambara and an impressive mosque adjacent to it. Both structures survive in good shape till today and are visited by tourists. Pritim Pasha Family claims Sakhi Salamat as its founder who had arrived from Persia in 1499. His son Ismail Khan was appointed as governor of Orissa by Suleman Shah with the title of Khanja Khan. (Reference :Based on inputs from 'Prithimpassa Nawab Family' by Ali Hamid Khan , third son of Late Nawab Ali Sarwar Khan.Photos Courtesy- Collection Ali Hamid Khan) 










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