Dr.Mazhar Naqvi
Imam Ali Naqi who was
martyred on Rajab 3rd has the distinction of serving
the longest period of Imamate besides the awaited 12th Imam. He was
poisoned at the behest of most cruel Abbasid Caliph in 254 AH. His imamate
lasted for 34 years that can be divided into two parts-17 years of
freedom and 17 years under house arrest.
Born in Madina on 15th Zilhij 214 Hijri,
the period of Imamate of Imam coincided with the decline of
the power of the Abbasid Empire.. He was only 6 years old when his father Imam
Muhammad Taqi (as) was martyred in Baghdad when poisoned by Mutasim Billah
Abbasi. His mother Janabe Samana al-Maghribiya was a very pious lady who spent
her whole life fasting. The 10th Imam has said about her that she was one of
the ladies of paradise and one of those from 'Ahlul Haqq' (people of truth).
Like his illustrious
father, Imam Naqi, also famous as Imam Al Hadi, suffered persecution
from the Abbasid tyrants. They spared no effort in oppressing and harming him.
Al-Mutwakkil surpassed all the Abbasid Caliphs in harassing and torturing Imam.
He moved the Imam from Yathrib to Samarra' and put him under house arrest and
deployed security men who watched even Imam’s breathes. The caliph
also prevented ulema', jurisprudents, and narrators
from taking fatwas and opinions. He
also imposed economical blockade against Imam Ali Naqi by prevented
people not to offer him dues obligatory to him. Al Mutwakkil
also ordered his men to search the house of Imam at
regular intervals, hoping that his soldiers might stumble upon any material
against him so as to enable him order the execution of Imam but nothing
objectionable was ever found.
Sometimes, Mutwakkil
ordered his men to bring him the Imam in whatever state he was. Once, the Imam
was brought while al-Mutwakkil was drunk and before him there were vessels and
cups of wine and he was surrounded by groups of male and female singers, but
the Imam was sharp with him and began advising him, reminding him of the
afterlife, and scolding him for the corruption he was in. When al-Mutwakkil saw
the Imam insist on keeping away from him, he ordered his men to arrest and put
Imam behind the bars.
It is narrated that some man heard Imam saying from inside the prison, 'I am more exalted near Allah than the she-camel of (Prophet) Saleh.' Then he recited this Quaranic verse, (Enjoy yourselves in your abode for three days, that is a promise not to be belied).After three days, the tyrant was killed by his son al-Muntasir.
The death of al-Mutwakkil provide some respite for Imam as the new emperor Muntasir bin Mutwakkil reversed the policies of his father towards the Ahle-Bait.He even returned the property of Fadak to the descendants of Bibi Fatima . Unfortunately he ruled only for more than six months and died in 248 A.H. Imam once again found him in much trouble when Mustain succeeded Muntasir and restarted the oppressive policies of his ancestors. The Abbasid government longed for his elimination because of his knowledge and popularity enjoyed by him among the people. The caliph bore malice towards Imam because he was respected more as compared to the ruler. Moreover, majority of the people considered him worthier of the Islamic caliphate than the Abbasids who indulged in pleasures and lusts and governed the nation, like the Umayyads, with violence, oppression, and haughtiness. Fortunately, Mustain’s own Turkish troops rebelled against him and pledged allegiance to Mo‘taz whom they rescued from prison. Finally, Mo’taz killed Mustain to become the new caliph.
It is narrated that some man heard Imam saying from inside the prison, 'I am more exalted near Allah than the she-camel of (Prophet) Saleh.' Then he recited this Quaranic verse, (Enjoy yourselves in your abode for three days, that is a promise not to be belied).After three days, the tyrant was killed by his son al-Muntasir.
The death of al-Mutwakkil provide some respite for Imam as the new emperor Muntasir bin Mutwakkil reversed the policies of his father towards the Ahle-Bait.He even returned the property of Fadak to the descendants of Bibi Fatima . Unfortunately he ruled only for more than six months and died in 248 A.H. Imam once again found him in much trouble when Mustain succeeded Muntasir and restarted the oppressive policies of his ancestors. The Abbasid government longed for his elimination because of his knowledge and popularity enjoyed by him among the people. The caliph bore malice towards Imam because he was respected more as compared to the ruler. Moreover, majority of the people considered him worthier of the Islamic caliphate than the Abbasids who indulged in pleasures and lusts and governed the nation, like the Umayyads, with violence, oppression, and haughtiness. Fortunately, Mustain’s own Turkish troops rebelled against him and pledged allegiance to Mo‘taz whom they rescued from prison. Finally, Mo’taz killed Mustain to become the new caliph.
It was during the
reign of Mo’taz that Imam was martyred by poisoning. The
caliph arranged for the poisoning of Imam through an ambassador on Monday
3rd Rajab. The poison reacted sharply and Imam suffered violent pains. When he
felt the inevitable death, he turned towards the qibla and began reciting some
suras of the Qur'an. He breathed his last while the mention of Allah was still
on his lips. His son and 11th Imam Abu Muhammad al-Hasan
al-Askari washed the pure body of his father, enshrouded
it, and offered the prayer of the dead on it while his heart was full of pain
and sorrow. Samarra' was shocked by his death. People from all walks of life hurried
to get the honor of escorting the pure body of the great Imam. State offices
and shops were closed. Viziers, Ulema, judges, prominent leaders of the army,
and the eminent members of the Abbasid family walked before the bier,
mentioning the virtues and favors of the Imam. People felt in his death the
loss of a great leader, guide, and defender of the rights of the weak and the
oppressed.
In the last abode,
his pure body was carried to his house that he had assigned to be a site
of his burial. Imam al-Hasan al-Askari put the body of 10th Imam
in the grave with tears rolling down over his cheeks. He buried his father and
buried with him also the values of knowledge, patience, and piety.(References available on request.Photo Courtesy Google Images.The article has been posted to mark the martyrdom of Imam Ali Naqi)
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