Musawwir Zaidpuri-An Exemplary Hussaini

Musawwir Zaidpuri (Janab Zaigham Abbas)

Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

“Duniya Ki Qir’aton Mein Lazzat Nahi Rahi,

Jab se Husain Naize Pe Quran Suna Gaye

Pahunche to Karbala Mein Bahattar Mijaz Log

Shabeer Ban Ke Sare Zamane Pe Chha Gaye

Aaye to Balo Par Diye Fitrus Ko Shaah Ne

Chalte Chalte Hur Ka Muqaddar Bana Gaye” (Musawwir)

Musawwir Zaidpuri is not a widely acclaimed name in Azadar world. His name surely has recognition in certain pockets of Awadh and Gujarat. He, however, deserves more respect not only as a ‘Shair-e-Ahle-Bait’ (Poet of Prophet and his progeny)or ‘Zakir(Orator)-e-Ahlebait’ but also for the sacrifices he has made to further the cause of Karbala revolution. His original name is Zaigham Abbas. Born to Janab Nazar Abbas of Zaidpur, Janab Zaigham also earned a government job in Kanpur after his education. Initially, he enjoyed his work but soon realized as if he was wasting his time. While attending Majalis in Zaidpur and Kanpur, the heart-rending scenes of Karbala always moved him. Is government job is better than a life dedicated to service of martyrs of Karbala? The question began haunting him and finally he left the job to join a course in theology in a premier institution of Lucknow. He took the decision without any hitch despite his humble financial background and hosts of family responsibilities.

While pursuing religious education, he started addressing majalis and composing elegiac poetry under pen name of Musawwir. Blessed with presentation skills and a gifted voice, he soon earned fame as a Zakir-e-Ahlebait. He began writing Salams and Azadars admired him, invited him frequently, Anjumans sought his Kalam. He was  offered position to act as Pesh Namaz in Gujrat and Kanpur. He played a significant role in establishing Anjuman-Raza-e-Islam during its infancy about 25 years ago. His Salams and Nauhas gave the much needed fillip and popularity to the newly formed Anjuman. After spending about 8- years in Kanpur as Pesh Namaz of Bam Wali Masjid of Patkapur locality, he had to leave the city he loved a lot. The reason was his fascination for reforming Imami community. Many found his approach critical and rigid. Zaigham Sahib did not budge before such elements.  His stand was clear.”I address majalis to please Almighty and not individuals. I am a Zakir not ‘Tajir’(Businessman).I can never cater to the needs of audience. I utter what is expected of me. I left the job not for appeasing affluent, position holders or dignitaries but to guide Imami community that I feel is not treading on the path of Imam Hussain. One has to be a performer not a pretender in Azadari”. He used such words in all his majalis and he even did not spare his hosts if found them on the wrong foot. Unable to digest his ‘Islahi(reformative) Majalis’, he earned unpleasantness of those believing more in physical fitness as compared to spirituality associated with Karbala.

After Kanpur, he went to Lucknow, Sultanpur, Himmat Nagar(Gujrat) but everywhere his stay remained shortlives, for neither Zaigham sahib nor ‘duniyavi’ people mend their ways. He suffered economic hardships but his spirit remained intact. A few years back, he settled down in Zaidpur and began transport business at a small scale. With the blessings of Masoomeen, he has a steady income. Of late, he has done what erstwhile rulers and builders of Imambaras like Badi Sarkar and Choti Sarkar could not do in Zaidpur. Zaigham sahib has established first madarsa of Zaidpur to impart Imami education and training. Fortunately, he gets full support of his family in his endeavors. He still recites majalis and gives Kalam to Anjumans.Raza-E-Islam makes it a point to recite his Nauha’ Sughra ne Khat Mein Likha Mujhko Bula Lo Baba’ and Alvida “ Fatima Zahra ke Dilbar Alvida, Alvida Aie Sibte Payambar Alvida” before proceeding to Karbala on Yaum-e-Ashura every year.

On the request of blogger, he forwarded his photograph along with his Kalam recently without even bothering to know the purpose. As nothing of the world attracts or impresses him, Zaigham Sahib is silently but faithfully striving to paint Imami community with true Hussaini  color to justify his takhallus ,’Musawwir’. (Based on the personal Information, Conversation and inputs offered by members of Anjuman Raza-e-Islam).
The blogger can be reached at heritageman7@gmail.com or ww.drmazharnaqvi.com

Haji Mohsin Imambara Jessore -Bangladesh

Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

Haji Muhammad Mohsin is well-known as builder of Hooghly Imambara in Bengal province of India.Much is however not known about an Imambara erected by him in Jessore city of Bangladesh.Popular as Haji  Mohsin Imambara among the locals, Jessore Imambara matches with its hooghly counterpart only in reverence.It is a small eddifice and comes alive only during the first 10 days of Muharram mourning(Ashra). It also does not have any vaulted clock tower like hooghly Imambara nor  intricate designs and texts from Quran engraved on the wall.Jessore imambara isroughly  15 x 18 meter in  measurement and not well maintained as well.It is quite surprising as Haji Mohsin had donated a large part of his property for charitable purposes in cities like Chitagong and Jessore that are now part of Bangladesh.Certain educational institutions in his names are also being run in Bangladesh. What ails the proper upkeep of Jessore Imambara in such circumstances is quite perplexing and certainly a disgrace to the sacred memory of magnanimous  philanthropist and munificent person of undivided India.

Haji Mohsin was born to  Haji Faizullah and Zainab Khanam in 1732 AD. He was home-schooled and gained knowledge in the study of the Quran, Hadith and the Fiqh. Later, he went on a voyage to other countries of Asia, including the regions in modern  -day Iran, Iraq, Turkey and the Arab peninsula. He also made the pilgrimage to Mecca, and visited Medina, Kufa, Karbala and other holy places. After performing the Hajj, he came to be known as Haji. After his return, Haji  took over the management of the estate of his half-sister, Munnujan. She was the widow of Mirza Salahuddin, the Naib-faujdar or deputy military governor of Hughli working for the Nawab of Bengal. She inherited a fortune from her mother Zainab, whose first husband Agha Motahar had much land and properties in different cities.

After her death in 1803, Haji Mohsin inherited all of her fortune. He bequeathed this fortune for charity and created a trust or trust in 1806, with his entire wealth. He is also remembered for his great contribution during the great famine of Bengal 1769-70.He did to the victims of femine a great service, setting an example for Nawab Asaf- ud- Daula who built Bara Iimambara in Lucknow during a femine to offer employment opprtunities to femine hit people.

History records that .Haji Mohsin built Jessore imambara in 1802,followed by his world famous imambara and mosque in Hooghly.haji deserves to be considered as a great Azadar of his time and Bangladesh government should pay attention towards Imambara named after him in Jessore.(References available on request.photo Courtesy google images) 

Imambargah Rafeeq Hussain with Unique 'Patkas'

Zuljinah at Imambara Mir Rafeeq in Zaidpur

Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

Imambara Mir Rafeeq Husain has the unique distinction of having costliest ‘Patkas’ perhaps in India. It is also one of the most popular Imambaras of Zaidpur. It is situated in the north of the town famous for its Muharram rituals and richly decorated Imambaras with holy relics. Also known as ‘Sarkar-E-Hussaini’, four eminent Muhibs (admirers ) of Shohda(martyrs)-e-Karbala, namely,  Syed Jawed Husain, Syed Tayeed Husain, Syed Saeed Husain and Syed Rasheed Husain had laid down the foundation stone of Imambara  in 1306 Hijri (1891 A.D.).Its completion took place about four years and like its other counterparts in Zaidpur, no architect prepared its design and local masons erected it in compliance of the wishes of the builders. The Imambara also has one big and four small shahnasheens. Two big halls, close to it large platform, high up to a large lawn and two symmetrical sahenchis in front to each other also exist at Imambara. It too boasts of Chandeliers procured from  Belgium, England and France. Mirrors of big size and rare glassware add grace to the interior of Imambara.

The most noteworthy attraction of Imambara are   twenty Shahi Patkas (royal flags) made of Gold with embroidery of highest standard. Each Patka’s cost runs into lakhs in view of rare work on it and inability of current artisans to produce the work of the same class. Apart from these 20 rare patkas , Imambara also has  about hundred Alams of  big and small sizes, all made up of silver, bronze and copper metals.In addition there are Morpankhi, Mahi-Maratib, Aaftaba , Six 6 wooden Tazias and 1 Mojiza ka Alam (Miraculous Standard).

The Imambara hosts a procession in memory of Hazrat Sakina, young daughter of Imam Hussain.The procession is known as Julus ‘Saqqa-E-Sakina’ and taken out on 7^th Muharram. Procession are taken out on Yaum-e-ashura and 22^nd Safar as well. Imambara also hosts Majlis-Shaam-e-Ghareeban. Torchlight procession is another attraction of Imambara. Zuljinah (Horse of imam Hussain) is also famous of this Imambara in view of its  decoration with beautifully crafted items like Shileds, Sword , Arrows and chattari(Umbrella).      

The procession of Ashura from this Imambara merged with  Julus coming out of Imambara Mir  Ainul Husain since  1966 and locals call both the processions as called as Mamu-Bhanje ka Juloos.On the 12th Muharram a Lungari Majlis also takes place and devotees receive Rotio Gosht( Bread and Mutton) as tabarrruk. All the rituals are organized under management of trustee of Imambara. (Reference available on request. Photo courtesy google Images)

Gahwara Ali Asghar & Imambara Ainul Hasan Zaidpur

Ashura Procession Originating from Imambara Mir Ainul Hasan.

Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

Imambara Mir Ainul Husain is the second oldest and well-known Imami shrine of Zaidpur- a prominent center of Azadari since 11^th century).Situated in Teergaran Mohalla, the Imambara was constructed in 1250 Hijri (1833-1834 AD) by Late Syed Zil Husain. He too once held the post of Nazim (Commissioner) during Nawabi period of Awadh. Like Badi Sarkar and Choti Sarkar , two other well- known shrines of Zaidpur with precious relics, Imambara Ainul Husain too is built with one large and four small shahnasheens. Its builder also did not retain services of any architect as was in the case of Badi and Choti Sarkar Imambargahs. The Imambara has halls, a platform with a large courtyard to accommodate devotees. Chandeliers from Belgium, Turkey and France are used to decorate Imambara during Muharram. Another proud possession of Imambara is a Zareeh(Replica of beautifully designed structure over the holy grave of Imam Husain at Karbala in Iraq)   and large wooden Mimber(pulpit) offered by a King of Awad.Like other famous imami shrines of Zaidpur, Imambara Ainul Husain to has rich collection of Alams and patkas made of previous metals.

Since its inception, Imambara has been hosting  procession of Gahvara/Jhula (cradle) in memory of Hazrat Ali Asghar, six-month old son of Imam Husain.The procession is taken out on 9th Muharram (Shabe Ashur) with Torhi Baja (mark to clear the path) Naqqara / Danka (Trumpet) on camel, Horse riders, Bairaq (a black flag), Mahi Maratibs (Symbols of Dynasty), Alam, Dhol-Tasha (A large drum), Ballam-Barchhi (Lances)), Mashak-Baja (A musical instrument), Asabardaar (Proclamation), Sher Bachche (Face of Lion), Zuljenah and  Umbrella with spectacular Zari(Embroidery). Matami Anjumans perform Zanjeerzani in front of Taboot (Coffin).

The  procession starts around on 2’o clock and passes  through Tazia road before reaching Ganje Shaheedan.’ Aag Ka Matam’(walking on Fire)also takes place in this Imambara on Chehlum of imam Hussain(20th Day of Islamic Safar month).Affairs of Imambara are managed by a registered trust. (References available on request.(Photo courtesy Google Images)

'Husain's Slavery'-Wish of 'Richest' Nizam

Portrait of Mir Mahboob Ali Khan

Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

History has recorded Mir Osman Ali Khan, the last Nizam of Hyderabad, as a great admirer of martyrs of Karbala. His contribution to the construction of Azakhana-e-Zohra and patronage to Muharram rituals throughout Hyderabad state too is well known. But historians have not highlighted the unconditional love of his father and 6^th Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Mahboob Ali Khan for Imam Hussain the way it should have been. Why Mahboob Ali has been overlooked as an exemplary “Muhib”(one who loves) of ‘King of the Martyrs’ is quite surprising, considering the fact that a ‘Salam’ composed by him in praise of imam Hussain  is still recited in Hyderabad and quite popular among devotees.      

The blogger happened to find the translation of the Salam(Salutation) in a well-researched book on Karbala*.His efforts to find out the original work has failed to yield desired result so far but the search is continuing. Mahboob Ali was a Sunni ruler of Asifjahi dynasty and his takhallus(pen name) was Asif.  He has used his takhallus in the ‘Maqta’ of his Salam.

Despite being ruler of a vast kingdom and known as one of the wealthiest person of the world, Mahboob Ali has described slavery of Imam as his only desire in his Salam that is being produced for viewers of Muharram Mirror:       

“Greetings to he whose name is Husain

May I be his ransom!

My helper, my master, my Imam Husain

The zephyr carries my prayers to his shrine

Oh God! May Husain accept my greetings

Alas! Not a single stone-hearted fiend heard

The plea that was made a hundred thousand times

“I am the Prophet’s grandson, my name is Husain!”

I have but one desire, O Asif

That I may become the slave of Husain”

It is worth mentioning here that 6^th Nizam was well known for his lavish lifestyle and luxuries, He had an enormous fascination for clothes and cars. His collection of garments was one of the most extensive in the world. Mahboob Ali devoted a whole wing of his palace to his wardrobe and never wore the same dress twice. He also bought famous Jacob diamond. Yet he longed for slavery of Hazrat Imam Hussain and wrote poetry in his praise. Imam also stated to have blessed him power to cure snake bites. It was his order that if anyone from the public had a snake bite, they could approach him. Nizam was awakened as a result a number of times but he always offered his services with utmost sincerity and never let the protocol act as barrier. He breathed his last on August 29, in 1911 and succeeded by his son, Mir Osman Ali Khan.(References :1- Reliving Karbala: Martyrdom in South Asian Memory-Book by Syed Akbar Hyder 2- ‘Gulzar-e-Asafia’ by Ghulam Husain 3-Photo courtesy Google Images)

Forgotten Shair-E-Ahlebait-Manni Lal Jawan

Yaum-E-Ashura at Sandeela town of Hardoi 

 Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

“Ham Apni Baat aur Apni Aqeedat ko Bata Denge

Jo Purda Dari Duniya Samajhti Hai Utha Denge

Agar Jannat Mein Jane Se Mujhe Rizwan Rokega

To Seene Pe Nishane Matam-E-Sarwar Dikha Denge”

The poet who has described Matam (Chest-Beating) as a gateway to Jannat (paradise) is a non-Muslim. He should have been known to Azadar world as an eminent Shair-e-Ahlebait. But like many a non-Muslim Hussaini poets, he remains unknown. His name was Manni Lal Jawan and he hailed from Sandeela town of district Hardoi. In his lifetime, he is believed to have composed numerous couplets, Nauhas, Salams and even Marsiyas in praise of martyrs of Karbala but his work has failed to survive. His above cited couplet is available thanks to Janab Qamar of Sandeela. He has been reciting Jawan’s couplets during mourning processions  for the past several years but he has no idea about history of Jawan.In a telephonic conversation with the blogger, he revealed that his father Marhoom Mushtaq Hussain used to recite Jawan’s Kalam in Muharram processions and majalis. Qamar however could memorize only two couplets and carrying on his father’s legacy with them. Blogger’s interest in Jawan surfaced when one of his couplets was quoted by an anchor of an Urdu channel in a program dedicated to sacred memory of Imam Hussain on Yaum-e-Ashura. As the poet was quoted as Jawan Sandeelivi, the blogger approached a few Imamis of the town but they could not tell much. Only Qamar Sahib could remember one of his quadrates. He had  no idea about his birth, literary works and family background. Qamar could recall with difficulty that Jawan had his house in Imalia Bagh locality of Sandeela. He however assured to provide more details about the poet after consulting a few more elderly residents of Sandeela.

Jawan must have been a great poet or else his name would have never found place in the program that had noted poet and critic Janab Chandrabhan Khayal as Special guest.It is indeed a sad story that no initiative is being taken at governmental and non-governmental levels to preserve Kalams of  Shora Ahlebait, especially non-Muslim ones. Blogger also fails to understand as to why Imamis also don’t pay much attention on preserving the works of those who dedicated their lives in eulogizing martyrs of Karbala without any expectation.(References :Based on inputs given by Janab Qamar Sahib of Sandeela.Photo Courtesy Google Images )  

'Choti Sarkar'- Imambara With Mojizati Alam

Imambara Choti Sarkar with Spectacular Illumination 

Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

Imambara ‘Chota Sarkar’ is to Zaidpur what ‘Chota Imambara’ is to Lucknow. Like Chota Imambara of Lucknow, Choti Sarkar is also well-decorated and a faithful carrier of traditional Muharram rituals in Zaidpur- a small town but a great center of Azadari since the arrival of Syed Abdulla ‘Zarbaksh’9Gifter of Gold  in  the middle 11^th century. History reveals that Choti Sarkar was completed in three years after its foundati0n stone was laid down by Mir Syed Jafar Husain in 1276 Hijri (1859- 1860 AD). Also known as Imambara Garhi jaded, it is located in south of the town with a beautiful mosque near main entrance. Spread over a sprawling complex, Imambara has one large,four small Shahnasheen with two big halls. A large platform with a spacious lawn adds grace to the elegance of Choti Sarkar. Like its senior counterpart Bari Sarkar, Imambara Choti Sarkar too is creation of local masons and no architect was retained for its design.

Choti Sarkar Imambara’s most noteworthy relic(Tabarruk) is Alam of Hazrat Abbas, popularly known as ‘Mojizati  or Bara Alam’ among devotees. Imambara hosts its most popular and historic majlis on the night of 8th Muharram. The taking of Mojizati Alam in memory of Hazrat Abbas also marks the occasion. Late Syed Ali Hashim had miraculously found Bara Alam from the store of Holy Shrine of Hazrat Abbas in Karbala(Iraq) in 1295 Hijri (1878-1879).After getting the Alam, he was directed in a dream by a divine personality to take the relic to Zaidpur and display it with reverence every year on the night of 8^th Muharram so as to enable common people to have its glimpse and invoke intercession of Maula Abbas for removal of their problems. Being a popular ‘Ziyarat’ for over 150 years, devotees of all caste and creed in large number to see Mojizati Alam and pray before it for fulfillment of their desires.

Besides Mojizati Alam, Imambara is also home to scores of  Alams of gold, silver, bronze and coppers, Mahi-Maratib(Royal Insignia), beautiful wooden Zareeh that looks like famous Rumi-Gate of Lucknow, Bimari Bistar (Bed for Imam Husain’s ailing son Zainul Abedin, very costly Belgium Chandeliers. Imambara Choti Sarkar is profusely illuminated on Shab-e-Ashur (night preceding Ashura, the 10th day of Muharram).Under the watchful eyes of sincere trustees, Imambara is not only decently maintained but also meeting its all obligations related to Ayam –E-Aza.(Reference :1- Doctoral Thesis on  Azadari of Zaidpur 2-Inputs provided by  senior azadar Janab Qamar Abbas Zaidpuri. Photo Courtesy Google Images)

Imambara Bari Sarkar & Its Relics

Main Entrance of Imambara Bari Sarkar,Zaidpur

Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

‘Bari Sarkar’ is undoubtedly one of the oldest and well-maintained Imambaras with rare holy relics. Located in North Indian town of Zaidpur, the foundation stone of the existing structure was laid down by Late Meer Khadim Husain, the Nazim-e-Umoor (commissioner) of Awadh Sarkar (Government) in 1223 Hijri (1808-1809).But the history of eastern portion of Bari Sarkar  dates back to the period of Zaidpur’s  founder  Late Syed Zaid Shahsawar. He was son of Syed Abdullah, a direct descendant of the Prophet Mohammad through his daughter Hazrat Fatima. He was scholarly and mystic figure and had earned the title of Zarbakhsh (Gifter of gold) following his miraculous power to make gold fall from sky. Syed Abdullah is believed to have arrived at  Zaidpur under instruction from Imam Rida in a dream around 460 Hijri (1069 A.D.) He later married  daughter of Salar Syed Daood who had already settled down before the arrival of  Zarbakhsh and ruling over the region. A child named as Syed Zaid who born out of the marriage. After the birth, father-in-law of Zarbakhsh got house for him constructed at Zaidpur along with the dwellings for the accompanying 40 slaves, 40 she-slaves and a contingent of artisans and people of different trades. Syed Zaid was also a brilliant scholar with saintly habits. Out of his sheer love for progeny of the Holy Prophet, it is said that he built an Imambara for mourning assemblies during Muharram. The old Imambara fallen prey to vagary of weather sand caved in. When construction of Bari Sarkar was decided, Mir Khadim covered portion of old Imambara as a part of his project.  

Mir Khadim spent lavishly on the construction of Bari Sarkar. A beautiful mosque welcomes devotees in front of the main gate. He used  Sang-e-Moosa (A very precious white and black stone) for flooring. The area of Imambara is over 24000  SQFT. Two grand gates, opposite to each other for exit and entrance, are situated east and north side of the complex and are fine example of Rajasthani art. Apart from one large and four small ‘Shahnasheen’ ( platform for keeping  Tazia and  Alams ), two big halls, a long platform with a spacious courtyard with two symmetrical ‘Sahenchi’ (places for masses sitting) on both sides form major part of Bari Sarkar. The Imambara is also famous as Deorhi among locals.

Mosque Adjacent to Bari sarkar 

The proud possessions of Bari Sarkar include a piece of ‘Fauladi Zareeh’ of Imam Husain, Brick of Hazrat Abbas’s Shrine, a piece of cloth from ‘Sardab’ (basement of Husain’s shrine), all collected from Karbala (Iraq) and 150 years old cover of Khan-e-Kaba (Mecca).The Alams of Imambara are made of gold, silver, copper and bronze. Alam of miracle, five stairs Mimber and a Zareeh made of silver , Dhal-Talwar (shield and sword), Tegh (A type of sword with on  sharp blades both sides, are other attractions. Very costly chandeliers of glass and metals of Belgium and Turkey are also property of Imambara. The entire collection is nicely maintained and preserved as Tabarrukat-e-Aza (valuable and holy items of Aza).They are used for decorating Imambara during Muharram and devotees visit Bari Sarkar in large number to see them.

 Another unique feature of Bari Sarkar is absence of any architect in its construction. Mir Khadim conceived the design himself after seeing Bara Imambara in Lucknow. He retained expert masons of Zaidpur and Siddhaur to raise Imambara as visualized by him. He took personal care of the construction to avoid any deviation from his imagination and plan. Awadh Government had awarded him title of ‘Khan Bahadur’. His father Mir Nawazish Ali was also holder of Das Hazari Mansab (post allowing him to keep ten thousand soldiers under his command). The traditional Alam processions come to Bari Sarkar regularly up to 8th of Muharram. A ‘langari’ (distribution of eatables as Tabarruk) majlis takes place on 9^th Muharram while Shahi Julus is taken out Yaum-E-Ashura(10^th Muharram). Chehlum of Imam Hussain is also observed on 20^th Safar with ‘Zuljenah’(Imam Hussain’s loyal horse) being the biggest attraction. Bunyadiya Trust manages all the programs of Bari Sarkar and make arrangements for devotees. The trust regularly organizes Mahfils, Dasterkhwans and Majlises of Muharram and Chehlum. Janab Qamar Abbas, a native of Zaidpur, reveals that   Taluqedar Mir Aulad Hussain, son of Mir Khadim had started processions on the street in his regime. Prior to him, Azadari was confined to Imambara complex only. At a time when wakf properties are utterly neglected and being ruined by corrupt Mutwallis in collusion with Wakf Board officials, Bunyadiya Trust deserves praise for proper upkeep of not only structure but also priceless relics. It is the efforts of trustees and their supporters who are keeping intact Zaidpur’s image as a prominent center of Azadari with regal touch.

(References: 1- Thesis titled ‘ The anthropology of religion- Key-Contributions of People of Zaidpur to the Mourning Rituals.2- Inputs given by Janab Qamar Abbas during conversation with blogger. He hails from Zaidpur and supervises arrangements of Marasim-e-Azadari. Photo Courtesy Google Images)

Muharram and Kichaucha Urs

A View of Devotees at Urs of Hazrat Makhdoom Ashraf Jahangir Semnani.
chaucha
 Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

The 631^st Urs(Death anniversary) of Hazrat Khawaja Syed Makhdoom Ashraf Jahangir Semnani, a prominent Sufi credited with starting Alam procession in memory of Hazrat Abbas in India, was observed at his shrine in Kichaucha town of Ambedkar Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh. As relics associated with Aal-E-Rasul(progeny of Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad) are displayed only on Muharram 28^th, the day Semnani breathed his last, lakhs of devotees from across the world converged at his shrine to have a glimpse of sacred ‘Tabbarukats’.

Born in 708 AH (1308 AD) in Semnan, Iran, Hazrat Semnani was a direct descendent of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad , his daughter Fatimah , through her son Hazrat Imam Husain ibn Ali  and his great grandson Imam Jafar Sadiq. His father, Hazrat Sultan Sayyad Ibrahim Noor Bakhshi Qutbuddin was governor of the region 20 years. Apart from being a noble and respected governor, he was also a proficient scholar of theology and inwardly inclined to tasuwwuf (mysticism).Semnani’s  mother, Bibi Khadija Begum, too was a very religious and pious lady. She devoted most of her time in prayer and recitation of the holy Quran. Bibi Khadija was renowned for fasting during the day and her punctuality in observing the tahajjud (late night) prayers.

Hazrat Makhdoom Ashraf was only 15 years old when his father passed away. He was  crowned as the sixth sultan of Semnan. Ruling over Semnan with utmost integrity and impartiality for twelve years, he however became a salik (traveller of the spiritual path) and became a seeker of marifa (inner knowledge gained through mystical means). It was in the pursuit of this knowledge that he would spend time in the company of holy men and mystics. His thirst for acquiring marifa propelled him to relinquish his throne and make way for India under divine command.Before arriving in India,Hazrat Semnani  visited Karbala and met  many a scholars there. He went to Baghdad  and reached Damascus before proceeding to Madina. He  spent a few months at the resting place of the Holy Prophet and also  travelled to Mecca.Travelling through Khorasan, Hazrat also visited Mashhad, the resting place of 8^th Imam Reza.

After reaching India, Hazrat Semnani called on his Peer at Pandua in Bengal who instructed him to settle down in eastern part of awadh. He came to Muhammadabad Gohna in the Azamgarh district. He held discussions with the local scholars. Semnani  read to them a book he had written on the lives of Khulfa-E-Rashideen. Some scholars criticized him for giving more details aboput Hazrat Ali as  compared to the other three Caliphs. They called him to the mosque on Friday to explain his point of view. A local scholar, Saiyid Khan, defended Hazrat by saying “ the criticism does not hold much ground as Semnani was from the family of Hazrat Ali and so he had every right to use exalting words about his illustrious ancestors.

After visiting several places, he settled down at Kichaucha with his relatives and followers. Khanzinat'l Asfiya, reveals  at the beginning of Muharram in 808 AH, his health began to deteriorate. He instructed his closest of mureeds to prepare his grave and construct his dargah (shrine). On 28 Muharram 808 AH, between Zuhr and Asr prayers, Hazrat Semnani  left this world. Since then, his Urs (death anniversary) is held each year between 26 and 29 Muharram. His shrine in Kichaucha Sharif is famous for being very effective in helping those affected by Jinn and his name is still invoked for this. Being a direct descendant of Aal-E-Rasool, he had great love for martyrs of Karbala. He introduced mourning rituals while residing at Kichaucha. It was he who brought out first Alam procession in memory of Hazrat Abbas during Muharram for the first time on Indian soil. As a result of his efforts, Kichaucha observes Muharram with solemnity and a number of processions are taken out till Ashura. Lakhs of devotees attend Ashra-e-Muharram and majority of them stay back till 28^th muharram to attend Urs ceremony as well.  He is believed to have required precious relics during his travels to Iraq, Syria, Arabia and Iran. His family too possessed a relic belonging to Hazrat Ali Asghar. On 28^th Muharram, Sajjada Nasheen brings these relics and devotees go berserk for glimpse of them. Parched garments of Hazrat Semnani are also displayed.The descendants of the illustrious Sufi are carrying out the traditions started by their master and known for giving befitting replies to those with Yazidi tendencies. Their unconditional love for Ahle-Bait makes them one of the most revered and authentic families of Hashemite Syyads residing in India.9References available on request. Photo courtesy Google Images)

Hindu Azadar & Swami Sarang of Sandeela

Dhobi Performing Zanjeer Ka Matam In Sandeeela 

Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

He is Sandeela’s reply to Swami Sarang of Lucknow with a difference. While Swami hit headlines by performing Matam with Zanjeer(Chains) on Yaum-E-Ashura-2017 in Lucknow for the first time, Ramesh Dhobi has been doing it since his childhood. Educationally and status wise, Dhobi stands nowhere, for Swami is a renowned spiritual and management Guru with large following. Further, he has done a detailed research on the life and works of Hazrat Imam Hussain. Swami gets invitations to address majalis during Ayam-e-Aza from different quarters on regular basis. Devotees turn up in large number to listen to his views on Karbala and Imam Hussain.

On the other hand, Dhobi matches the impressive background of Swami with his unconditional love for Imam Hussain. He works in Delhi to make a living but returns to Sandeela before ‘Chandraat’( Night of Muharram Moon) to participate in Azadari rituals .Dhobi takes part in the majalis and attends all processions. He even contributes to the commissioning of Sabeels like an azadar. On Yaum-e-Ashura, he makes it a point to let blood spill from his back by resorting to Zanjeerzani (Matam with chains).Dhobi does it for the sake of solace that he gets from Matam. After Ashura, he leaves for Delhi with a firm resolve to  return to Sandeela before the arrival of next Muharram.

The locals describe his love for Imam Hussain as inheritance, for his father too used to attend majalis and perform Matam with hands. Dhobi got attracted to zanjeerzani from a young age. The local Anjuman respected his sentiments and allowed him to do Zanjeer ka Matam by the turn of 20^th century. Since then, Dhobi’s Matam has become an integral part of Sandeela’s Muharram. His participation was never perceived as unusual, for Sandeela, a historic town of district Hardoi in Indian province of Uttar Pradesh, has been a center of inter-faith understanding since Nawabi era. Dhobi however got his share among Sandeelites when Swami’s Matam became of topic of discussion and videos of his zanjeerzani turned viral. 



Considering Dhobi’s devotion equal to Swami’s love for Imam Hussain, natives of Sandeela also offered a renewed respect to Dhobi and sent a picture of his zanjeerzani to blogger to post on Muharram Mirror with an article. The blogger feels honored in posting this article on a great Hindu azadar who has been trying to save  Ganga-Jamuni culture of Azadari without any expectation.( The article is based in the inputs given by Janam Meesum Rizvi. He hails from Sandeela and has sent photo also from his mail). 

Hussain Bids Farewell to Sajjad

Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

Hazrat Imam Hussain’s farewell meeting with his son Imam Zain-ul-Abidin is heart-breaking chapter of Karbala revolution. Zakirs frequently highlight the meeting between Imam Hussain and his son during Ayam-E-Aza in view of various philosophical aspects associated with of Aza-E-Hussain. It was in this meeting, Imam Hussain had briefed about what happened on the plains of Karbala on Ashura? And in reply, his son had insisted on engaging himself in Jihad despite illness that had kept him in almost unconscious state since dawn. Imam Zainul Abidin regained consciousness when his wounded father repeatedly called out “Is there anyone who will come to my aid? Is there anyone who will defend the family of the Allah’s Messenger?” No one responded to Imam’s call, for his companions had been slain. The women cried aloud for his destitution. The wailing awoke Imam Zain-ul-Abidin. He walked to the door of the tent with difficulty, carrying his sword. His aunt Umme Kulsum upon seeing inability to even stand grabbed him. She asked him to go back to the tent. But he refused, saying “O Aunt let go of me. Let me defend my father.”  Realizing the intention of his son, Imam Hussain called out to his sister, “O Umme Kulsum do not let go of him least the earth becomes devoid of the progeny of the Messenger.”

Fazil Darbandi writes in Asrar al-Shahadah that Imam ran towards Zainul Abidin, took him inside the tent and asked , “O Son what is your intention?”

The ailing son replied “O Father your cries for help have torn the arteries from my heart and have taken my peace of mind. I need to go! I wish to give my life for you.”

Then Imam said “O Son you are unwell. Jihad is not your obligation nor is it permissible for you. You are the Proof, the Imam of my admirers and well-wishers . You are the father of the Imams who are to come. You are the guardian of the orphans and the widows. You will have to take them back to Madina. The earth may never be empty of an Imam; the proof from my lineage.”

Syed-e-Sajjad then asked d “O Father should I watch while you are killed? If only I had died before this.” Imam Hussain embraced his son, cried and then bid farewell to his son. Another description of Imam’s final farewell with his son is given in al-Dam’at al-Sakibah. It says when  Imam found himself left on his own, he went to the tents of his brothers. He looked inside them and found them empty. He went to the tents of the sons of ‘Aqil. Finding them empty, he proceeded to the tents of his non-Hashimi companions and saw that they too were empty. He repeatedly uttered the prayer “There is no might or strength save with Allah the Grand the Mighty.” Then the Imam went to the tents of the women and after that went to the tent of his son. He saw that Syed-E-Sajjad had fallen unconscious due to severe sickness and her beloved sister Hazrat Zainab was nursing him. Even in that condition, Imam Sajjad felt the smell of his father, opened his eyes and wished to stand in respect but could not do so out of sheer weakness. He requested his aunt Lend him support so that he may sit. With her help, he sat on the bed, facing his father. Imam asked his son “how is your condition’? The son replied, “Praise and glory be to Allah.” Then he asked, “What news is there of your affairs with these people?” Imam Hussain said “Shaitan (demon) has succeeded with these people and has driven away the remembrance of Allah from their hearts. A mighty battle has taken place between us and them and the plains of Karbala’ are covered with our blood,”. In anguish, Imam Zainul Abidin asked “What has happened to my uncle ‘Abbas, O father?”. The question moved Lady Zainab. She looked at her brother with tears in eyes to see what would be the reply? Imam had not given the news of ‘Abbas’s martyrdom to his son, fearing worsening his sickness with such a shock. Imam said “O son they have severed the arms of your uncle and killed him on the banks of the Euphrates,”. Upon hearing the words of his father, Imam Zainul-Abidin wept uncontrollably and fainted. When he  regained consciousness, he enquired about each one of the companions and his father kept telling him they had given their lives for him? However when his son asked “Where is my brother ‘Ali? Where is Habeeb ibn Mazahir? Where are Muslim ibn Awsajah and Zuhair ibn Qain? Hussain  simply answered “O Son, know that there aren’t any men left of us. Save for me and you,” .The son wept and said to his aunt Hazrat Zainab , “Hand me my sword and staff.” “Why do you ask for your sword and staff?” enquired his father . “The staff to support myself while I defend the son of the Messenger with my sword for life has no worth after you.” replied the son. Imam embraced and comforted his son  saying, “O Son you are the purest and the noblest of my descent. You are the guardian in my place of these destitute and oppressed orphans and widows. They have no one except you to save them from their enemies. Be kind to them and a source of comfort for them.” Then he called out, “O Zainab! O Umme Kulsum! O Sakeena! O Ruqaiya! O Fatima! Hear my words and understand that this son of mine will assume my position. He is the Imam whose obedience is obligatory.” His final words to Imam Zainul-Abidin were, “O my son convey my greetings to my Shia and tell them your father died alone in a foreign land so lament him for he went from this world as a martyr with thirst and hunger. Therefore, weep for him.” (The article is being posted to mark the martyrdom anniversary of Imam Zainul Abidin. Other references also available. Photo Courtesy Google Images)

Beemar-E-Karbala's Martyrdom Recalled in Kanpur

Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

Kanpur,one of the largest industrial cities of india, recalled the martyrdom of Imam Zainul Abedeen today.Admirers of  Imam ,also known as Syed-e-Sajjad and Beemar-E-Karbala ,organized series of majalis-e-aza and took out taboot processions in different parts of the city in memory of Imam and paid glowing tributes to him.Women devotees aldo did not lag behind and performed Maatam (breast-beating) in each Imam house in patkapur,Gwaltoli, Nawab sahib ka hata, Sakera State,Rawatpur, KDA Colony, Juhi, Roshan Nagar and Colonelganj.

Shahnaaz Begum , a homemaker and wife of noted Shair-e-Ahlebait, Janab Asghar Sahib, hosted a well- attended majlis-e-aza for women in her Imambargah to commemorate the martyrdom of imam Sajjad who had to suffer barbaric persecution after the killing of his father Hazrat Imam Hussain. Prominent Zakira Ahlebait, Mohtarma Dr.Hena Zaheer addressed the majlis.in her address,she described the exemplary personality of Imam Sajjad and said it was he who saved the message of Karbala along with her brave aunt Hazrat Zainab.

She said that Imam was not only a worshipper par excellence but a socially responsive man of eminence.He used to feed destitue by carrying foodgrains on his back every night but his beneficiaries came to know about him only after his departure from this world.’Imam sajjad was an eyewitness to tyragedy of Karbala and memories of the atrocities perpetrated by Yazidi forces on his father,brothers,relatives and companions,including women and children, haunted him every moment.Yet he maintained his composure,restrained emotions and remained focus on just one agenda i.e. how to keep Karbala revolution alive in a  hostile environment.”She supplemented her address by giving examples from the history as to how he kept himself away from active politics and declined to extend any support to those who had approached him to avenge the killing of his father.” Any move on his part would have invited wrath of the regime and left him unable to carry on mission Karbala ”she added.

Zakira regretted that during majalis only his illness and persecution is highlighted.His bravery and virtues as a younman and the maturity exhibited by him in most trying conditions are not much highlighted.She called upon women to let their men know as to how should they follow the footprints of Imam to earn pleasure in both the worlds.     

Majalis also took place at other places.In each majlis orator spoke about the eminence of imam Sajjad, his supplications and exemplary behaviour with friend and foes both.devotees wept bitterly when zakirs narrated as to how he was pareded with chains in his feet and hand on the streets of Kufa and Damascus.How he felt ashamed of being of no help to his aunt and sister who too were asked to walk bareheaded in a city tghat was once ruled by Imam’s grandfather. Majlis held at the Imambargah of Janab Shamim Abbas drew huge crowd of devotees.     

Prominent among those who attended and took active part in the majalis included safdar,asad, Meesum,Nasreen, huma, Sharad,Yasmeen, Zafar, Salman,Mohammad,Bablu, Salmi, Asif abbas and haji Syed munsif Ali Rizvi.

Hussaini Hindu Seer- Swami Sarang

Swami Sarang Performing Zanjeer Ka Matam

Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

A Hindu seer is hitting headlines for his exemplary love for Imam Hussain during ‘Ayam-E-Aza’ this year. Popularly known as Swami Sarang became a topic of discussion when he performed ‘Zanjeer ka Matam’ (Beating one’s back with chains and knives) on Yaum-E-Ashura in Lucknow on October 1, 2017.Prior to it, he was known as a research scholar with much interest in the tragedy of Karbala. Swami’s love for Imam Hussain is not sudden. But he has surely earned much respect among devotees of Imam Hussain after his participation in Ashura procession from Imambargah Nazim sahib to Talkatora Karbala in Lucknow. He is being invited frequently to address majalis by mourners not only in Lucknow but also from adjoin places like Jais and Rai Bareilly as well. Swami however never sits on mimber (pulpit).His logic is very simple. ’How can I sit on mimber when I don’t possess knowledge like Hazrat Ali? It is the prerogative of only Masoomeen. Hence, I address the mourners in a standing position”.     

Born in a Brahmin family in Allahabad on July 7, 1973, Swami completed his primary education in his home town and graduated from Rajasthan. He first read about Hussain at the age of 20.He found Imam’s lifestyle and working so fascinating that he decided to carry out research on him. He earned the title of Swami after he completed his research after settling in Lucknow. Swami is equally well versed with religious scriptures of Hinduism and enjoys considerable following. He is considered as a spiritual saint and management Guru. His followers claim that Swami has an exceptional degree of holiness, sanctity and power to solve problems of people.

A practicing Hindu, Swami celebrates all festivals of his religion but at the time of Muharram, he mourns for Imam Hussain, for he feels “"People across the world are running towards each other not to hug but to shed the blood of mankind. What I read in books and history, I am observing now. Hussain gave his life just because other people wanted to kill him and he had to spread the message of love."(References available on request. Photo Courtesy Google images)

Tazias of Jetpur deserves Worldwide Recognition

Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

Jetpur is to India what Chiniot is to Pakistan. Ironically, the entire world knows about Chiniot as a prominent house of oldest and finest tazias, Jetpur is largely known as one of the largest centers for screen and block printing and yarn dyeing workshops. Despite producing the most beautiful tazias in the country, Jetpur is famous for cotton saree manufacturing and also as a major exporter of khanga and kitenge-(fabrics used by native Africans for various use. 

The Gujrat department of tourism has also never attempted to highlight the beauty and craftsmanship of Tazias in Jetpur. This is in sharp contrast to efforts put in by the concerned stakeholders to make Chiniot as world famous center of Tazia making.

In terms of spirit, creativity, devotion and craftsmanship, Jetpur does not lag behind Chiniot. Being a traditional center of screen and block printing, there is no dearth of artists capable of producing most ornate Tazias, using different materials like wood, paper, Bamboos coupled with LEDs for profuse illumination. Preparations for Tazia start in Jetpur at least six months before the arrival of Muharram. Artists carry out most of the works at night being busy with their occupation during daytime. They  work voluntarily, considering it as their pious duty to serve Imam Hussain.

Though scores of tazias are taken out in Jetpur, formerly a princely state of British India and now a municipality of Rajkot district in Gujrat Province, the notables ones have been wending streets of the city for centuries. It is not on record as to former rulers of Jetpur extended any patronage to taziadari or not? But the screen and block printing artists have surely kept the tradition alive since  settlement of their ancestors at Jetpur. They are carrying out the legacy without any expectation  with same  enthusiasm years after years. Jetpur Tazias like other places are taken out in procession on Shab- E- Ashur and taken to Karbala on Yaum-E-Ashur. (The article is based on the inputs given by Mr.Sameer Madarvi on phone. Photos too have also been sent by him. He is President of Madariya Sufi foundation and hails from Jetpur).  

Karbala-A Poem by Kazi Nazrul Islam

Kazi Nazrul Islam 

Dr.Mazhar Naqvi

Kazi (Qazi)Nazrul Islam , the national poet of Bangladesh, is known for producing poetry against oppression and exploitation of down trodden. As themes of his poetry includes religious devotion and spiritualism and call for political and social justice, he is also called as rebel poet. Born on May 26, 1899, Kazi wrote passionately about human rights, women's rights, religious, racial and ethnic harmony before breathing his last on August 27,1976. Unfortunately,little research has been done on the life and works of Kazi despite his exalted status as an extremely talented poet with universal appeal. Likewise, no attempt has been made to ascertain as to why he raised his voice against oppression and exploitation through his poems and what inspired him to do so. One however gets an idea about his ‘rebel’ against oppression and social injustice from his poem on Karbala-the place where Hazrat Imam Hussain was martyred by barbaric forces of Caliph Yazid. He wrote the poem in Bengali but late Mizanur Rahman translated it into English so as to enable non-Bengalis to go through it .The following are excerpts from the translation :

“The sky o'erhead is blue and dark. 
The world, is red with blood. 
"Done is thy darling, mother, by the murderous hand."
Waileth  a womanly voice on the Euphrates-Karbala end.
The wailing causeth tear, even to Shimar's spear 
In the Damascus sky, ringeth the terrible cry : 
"Who hath made Zainal dear, this murderous dress to wear?" 
Like the tempest, swelleth the moan, again and again 
"Ya Husain! Ya Husain! Ya Husain !" 
The sword in Yazid's grip, trembleth in terror deep! 
Mad with grief, duldul scours Madina's street. 
To see if Husain, the prince of Ali. 
Might have been there in the confused melee! 
With the tresses at sixes and sevens. 
Fatima, the mother weeps in Heavens,  
Holding the corpses cold of the martyred sons, 
And the garments white of the daughters undone! 
Qasim bridegroom of the merest day. 
Forget fast for the fighting fray, 
With the coating of mehdi wiped away 
All too soon, in the saddest way ! 
"Alas, Alas" wail the eastern wind. 
And the southernly breeze : 
"Take off thy bridal wear, O Sakina dear
These bangles and painchees !" 
Who is the luck-lorn lass, weeping in distress. 
Holding the cut-out head 
Of Qasirn in her tender lap! 

Abbas, the lion of men. 
Tho bereft of the two arms then. 
Managed to bring water for drink 
To the "bravo," even of the enemy! 
The trumpet rang:"drim, drim, drim."
At the wonted pause, loud and grim ! 
The desert-sun. burning bright. 
Was frying the soul, like kabab fried, 
Karbala desert, grim and grave. 
Without water, without date ! 
Mothers' breasts, bereft of milk. 
Making the babies writhe in grief 
Can the licking of tongue, parched and dried. 
Keep the tender life in the body alive? 
Under the burning blaze of the Karbala sun, 
Banoo was crying, in utter disconsolation: 
"Water, water, water please. 
For my darling Asghar is dying." 
No water could be had. The child drank instead 
Blood newly-shed, fresh and red. 
The mother wept bitter tears and said, 
"Come back, babe, come thou back to me : 
Water for drink I shall give to thee." 

With, Haidari shout, he is on duldul's back, 
Brandishing the sword to terrify the enemy's rank. 
The enemy's sword dropping from the hand, 
And file Day of Judgment flashing before the ken! 
The enemy ranks are unstrung. 
But who is this hero, weary of strife. 
Entering the Euphrates, wiping the eyes? 
Where is Asghar dear? The breast is rent 
By grief, like the sieve torn and bent! 
The sight of water made Husain's breast 
Burst and burnt! (And he said;) 
"The children breathed their last 
Writhing and crying for a drop to drink. 
But none was given, alas! to the dying babes 
By the cruel, cowardly, low-born breed! 
The water on the enclenched fist 
Dropped down, in unceasing stream ! 
Dropped down Husain, endowed with strongest arms 
Badly bruised by the daggers' darts! . 
Who is the heartless wretch, 
Sitting on the breast and striking against the neck? 
The sun was eclipsed, as it were.  
By the darkness dense of a dreary night! 
The sky at noon was filled, as it were 
With the fleeting clouds of the even-tide ! 

Gone are Muharrams; gone are years ! 
But can't forget the crimson blood 
Of the martyred heroes, as yet! 
O Muslims! Ye are Zainul Abedins of the age! 
Will time fly, merely by the mournful cry 
"Ya Husain! Ya Husain! Ya Husain !" 
Back is Muharrarn, the sacred month of thine! 
Wanted sacrifices, not rnarthia mournful cry
 Up with the turbaned head 
Crowned with the Holy Quran ! 
Wanted sword in hand-sword of the Arabian ! 
The head of a Muslim, whenever born, 
Must not lie, low and lorn. 
Beware, Islam! Thy sun is sinking! 
Wake up Muslims! With Haidari cry of war! 
On this Martyrs' Day, be it all red with blood! 
Wear the Bridegroom's dress, glittering clean, 
But let the fringes be, in crimson, tinged! 
'This day is the special day of dying 
On the field of fight freely fighting! 
Let us drink the cup of poison, as Hasan drank 
Let us take, like Husain, the knives of wrong on the breast! 
Let us sacrifice sons, as Asghar was done! 
Let us avenge the tyrant. (as in Karbala maidan) 
Laying our lives in the grave, on this sacred day! 
To our mothers and daughters all, I say- 
Let us give to the Sakina's garments white but gay 
Let us resist wrongs, with lives, in Qasim's way!
Muharram! Karbala! Ya Husain! Ya Husain! 
Weep it out, if ye please, again and again!
But let not the martyrs' blood
By the desert's sun be dried outright!

(Reference available on request. Photo Courtesy Google Images)